The interpretative research paradigm in economics and sociology is grounded in the belief that reality is constructed through the meaning-making practices of individuals within their specific contexts. At its core, this approach emphasizes that researchers are not detached observers; rather, they actively interact with the world, shaping and constructing relevance into their data, projects, and findings based on their own views, interests, and experiences. Language, in this paradigm, is not merely a tool for reflecting reality but is also a powerful force that constructs and shapes the social world. Particularly in economics, relationships-rather than isolated individuals-are seen as the key units of analysis, highlighting the interconnectedness of social actors. The agency and actions of individuals are central, with a focus on how people interpret and enact their roles within various contexts.
Epistemologically, knowledge is understood as co-constructed through the dynamic interaction between researchers and participants. Both are situated within broader social structures, which means that the questions asked and the conclusions drawn are inevitably influenced by their positions and perspectives. This makes reflexivity-a continuous process of self-examination and active reflection during all phases of research-an essential responsibility for interpretative researchers. Data is not simply collected but is co-generated through the engagement between interviewer and interviewee, and the researcher’s own identity, interests, and access to the field can be valuable resources that shape the research process.
From an axiological perspective, the interpretative paradigm recognizes that research cannot be entirely value-neutral. Ethical judgment and reflection on power relations are not only possible but necessary, provided they are approached with responsibility and reflexivity. Researchers are encouraged to be transparent about their values and to thoughtfully consider the ethical implications of their work.
Methodologically, interpretative research is characterized by relational and open-ended approaches. Researchers often immerse themselves in the field or situation they are studying, striving for a holistic and nuanced understanding rather than relying solely on detached observation. Reflexivity and openness to new insights are key, and methodological rigor is assessed through transparency and systematic interpretation rather than statistical measures alone.
Common methods within this paradigm include semi-structured or in-depth interviews, which may be extended, cognitive, or conducted in groups to capture rich and contextualized meanings. Ethnography, involving observation or participation in the field, allows for deep engagement with social practices. Case studies are used to gain a holistic understanding of why actors behave as they do in specific contexts, and document analysis helps interpret meanings embedded in texts and records. Through these methods, interpretative research seeks to uncover the complex, constructed realities of social life.
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